dental fillings

Chances are that you may need to get a filling / restoration at some point in your life because of cavities or tooth fracture/ cracks/ chip. Sometimes you may need to get your old dark fillings replaced to prevent tooth damage and remove black discolouration. At Summit Dental Clinic, we only use mercury- free and BPA- free tooth coloured composite resin materials to treat small to mid-sized cavities. Composite resins are high quality ceramic materials with high strength and durability as well as beautiful natural aesthetics. They can not only be used to treat cavities on posterior teeth but also help in anterior teeth makeovers to give you a symmetric and brighter smile. For more information call us at 99869 47722 / 080 2334 0207/ summitdentalclinic@gmail.com

1. How are cavities diagnosed and treated?

- Once a cavity has been suspected/ discovered, the first step is to evaluate the extent of the decay. This is done through detailed clinical examination and digital X-rays (if required). The next step is to carefully and thoroughly remove only the decayed portion of the tooth to obtain a clean surface for the filling material. We then follow a systematic and precise bonding procedure using strong tooth coloured composite resins to fill the cavity. We will then check to make sure your bite (occlusion) is normal and comfortable with no high points on chewing. Finally we finish and polish the restoration to make the surface smooth and the filling aesthetic. 

2. How long does it take to place a composite filling?

- Composite restorations usually just take one sitting- during your first visit we will discuss the exact time and additional appointments (depending on extent of decay) required, if any. It takes about 10-20 minutes longer to place a composite filling than a silver filling owing to the meticulous bonding procedure followed. Final placement time depends on the size and location of the cavity.

3. Does it hurt to get a filling done?

- Many people are scared about dental procedures, especially because they think that it will hurt. During this procedure you are unlikely to feel a thing since a filling is not placed in areas of your tooth which are close to the nerve. Of course, some people have more sensitive teeth or require deeper fillings which is closer to the nerve and may cause discomfort during the initial stages of decay removal. At Summit Dental, our restorative specialist will place a numbing gel followed by local anesthetic to ensure that you do not feel any pain or sensitivity during the filling procedure.

4. What happens if I do not get a cavity filled?

- Once a decay is diagnosed, it is imperative that you get it treated and filled immediately. If you neglect the cavity at this stage, it will only grow deeper and bigger removing more natural healthy tooth structure. Before long, the decay will reach the nerve which may or may not cause sensitivity or pain. At this stage, your only treatment option to save the tooth would be a less conservative and longer root canal treatment procedure followed by a ceramic crown. 

5. How can I prevent cavities?

- Dental decay is dangerous in the fact that it often does not cause pain or sensitivity which leads you to believe that your teeth are perfectly fine until it is too late. Call us at 99869 47722 / 080 2334 0207 or email us at summitdentalclinic@gmail.com to set up an appointment with our restorative specialist who can diagnose cavities at an early stage. Only regular dental visits along with a good home care regimen of brushing twice a day and flossing at least once a day prevents cavities from forming and progressing. Diet plays a very important role- avoid food that is bad for your teeth. While the occasional candy/ sweet treat is fine, rinsing with water or brushing after will prevent them from sticking to your teeth

6. What are the advantages of composite resins ?

- Tooth coloured composite resins are the material of choice in today’s dentistry for many of the benefits that they offer. These are mercury- free materials which eliminates the very real risk of mercury contamination. Being tooth coloured, they are virtually invisible and natural-looking. Composites do not weaken the healthy tooth structure like metal fillings and also offer the advantage of superior bonding which makes them the ideal filling material for small to mid-sized cavities.

7. How long do composite restorations last?

- Studies have shown that composite restorations last 5-7 years, however, there are a myriad of factors which influence the life of a composite resin filling. This includes-

• oral hygiene: insufficient brushing and flossing can result in plaque and debris accumulation around the fillings. These deposits will gradually weaken the margins and create cracks around the restoration which leads to early failure of fillings.

• para-functional habits: these include clenching and teeth grinding (bruxism) which can be voluntary or involuntary. Such prolonged, repetitive, forceful contact of teeth with abnormal jaw movements can result in greater than normal forces acting on the filling which can cause adverse effects on the tooth and restoration.

• technique sensitive: composite resin materials have different protocols that have to be followed precisely to achieve the best results. Only a restorative specialist is trained in the exact technique to be used while placing such restorations.

• unhealthy diet: frequent consumption of starchy food and soda will have detrimental effects on your filling. The acidity of your mouth increases to above-normal level which corrodes the filling as well as the natural tooth structure.

• faulty case selection: not all decayed cavities can be restored with a composite filling. Large and extensive surfaces are not supported by enough healthy tooth structure and hence the filling will eventually fracture. In such situations, we recommend the use of ceramic inlays, onlays and sometimes even crowns as an alternative to fillings.

teeth cleaning 

To maintain healthy teeth and gums it is important to have regular check-ups and professional cleaning. In case you have sensitive swollen gums or your gums bleed when you brush , it is important to get a cleaning done by the gum specialist (periodontist).  If left untreated at this time, a chalky substance builds up on the tooth and stains it varying from yellow, brown and sometimes even black, not to mention causes bad breathe (halitosis). This is calculus/ tartar and it provides the right environment for bacterial growth which causes gum inflammation (infection) and in some cases, irreparable damage/ loss to the underlying gum and bone. The purpose of cleaning and polishing is to basically leave the surfaces of the teeth clean and smooth so that the bacteria are unable to stick to them and you have a better chance of keeping the teeth clean during your regular home care.

American Dental Association guidelines recommend both adults and children should have routine teeth cleaning every 6 months. If you have existing gum infection, you may need more frequent cleanings (about every 3-4 months) or more in-depth cleaning to help prevent the infection from progressing. 

1. What happens during a teeth cleaning appointment?

- Teeth cleaning involves the removal of plaque (soft, sticky bacterial film) and tartar/calculus deposited that have built up on the teeth over time. During a cleaning procedure, we use special tools and polishing pastes designed specifically to clean teeth, making sure to pay attention to those areas and surfaces of teeth that are difficult to see and access; including the tight spaces between teeth and along/ just below the gum line. We remove the larger pieces of tartar using specialised ultrasonic instruments and then we switch to finer hand tools ( curettes) to remove smaller deposits and smoothen the tooth surface. Once this is done, we will polish your teeth using a slow-speed handpiece with a prophylaxis paste which makes the teeth shiny and smooth.As the cleaning progresses, we take note of what you might be missing with your at-home care routine. At the end of your cleaning appointment, you will be provided with advice as well as tips that can help address these areas more effectively to help keep your teeth and gums as healthy as possible between dental office visits. 

2. CAN TEETH CLEANING HARM TEETH/ REMOVE ENAMEL OR CAUSE GAPS IN TEETH?

- This is the most common ‘myth’ when it comes to teeth cleaning and the answer is NO! Some of the reasons why people might believe that is because:

• after a dental cleaning, your teeth might feel different, as if something is missing- Your teeth feel different because plaque and calculus have been removed, making your tongue feel like ‘something is missing’. Indeed, something is missing but it is not your enamel.

• During the cleaning procedure you heard ‘scraping’ sounds and maybe felt small pieces coming off- this scraping sound is the gum specialist (periodontist ) using an instrument to remove the plaque and calculus from your teeth. The pieces coming off are large deposits of calculus which had hardened and adhered to your teeth over time and not the enamel of teeth. 

Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and cannot be removed/ damaged using the instruments used to clean teeth. Your gum specialist (periodontist) is highly trained and skilled at using these instruments so as to not damage your teeth or mouth in any way. 

3. CAN TEETH CLEANING CAUSE SENSITIVITY?

- Most people who are regular with their cleaning appointments have no post-operative sensitivity- in fact their mouth feels clean and refreshed! Sometimes your teeth may feel more sensitive because the plaque and calculus that covered areas of your teeth are now removed and exposes these areas to hot, cold, liquids and solids. In cases where there was a lot of deposit accumulation on your teeth, has been a while since you got your teeth cleaned or have pre-existing sensitivity, you may have discomfort for a few days. Following your cleaning, the gum specialist (periodontist) will tell you what to expect in terms of post-cleaning discomfort, if any, and what you can do to minimise sensitivity. There should be no surprises after your cleaning, if you are kept well informed. 

4. DOES TEETH CLEANING HURT?

- Teeth cleaning is not painful. The gum specialist (periodontist) always applies a numbing (anesthetic) gel before cleaning to minimise your discomfort. However,  cleaning does involve small tooth vibrations and little amounts of pressure. If these sensations make you feel uncomfortable or you are anxious about your procedure, our dental team will be more than happy to do whatever we can to make you feel comfortable and safe. 

5. HOW DO I KEEP MY TEETH CLEAN AFTER MY APPOINTMENT?

- In order to maintain cleanliness, you should brush your teeth twice a day and floss at least once a day. It is recommended to brush your teeth after every meal but since that is not practically possible, rinse your mouth with water after you eat to prevent deposits from sticking to your teeth. Use of fluoride mouthwash also helps to reduce the bacterial count in your mouth.

6. DO I REALLY NEED TO FLOSS?

- Yes, yes and yes! Flossing helps to remove the food/ deposits stuck between your teeth. These food particles are the primary source of nutrition for harmful oral bacteria that cause tooth decay and gum disease. Flossing is the only way to prevent cavities (decay) between teeth since the bristles of your toothbrush (electric and manual) are not fine and long enough to clean these inaccessible areas. No matter how often you brush, what toothbrush and tooth paste you use- flossing is the only method to remove deposits between teeth and under your gums. Flossing may be hard to master initially and it is of course very boring but it will eventually only take you a few minutes of trouble that can help you far in the long run to have a healthy mouth and functional smile.

7. THERE ARE SO MANY TOOTHPASTES TO CHOOSE FROM; HOW DO I KNOW WHICH ONE TO USE?

- First when purchasing toothpaste, select one that contains fluoride since fluoride- containing toothpastes have been shown to prevent cavities and help in remineralising tooth structure. However, use only a small amount for children under the age of 6 (pea size/ fingernail size amount). Next, consider the other properties of toothpaste- de-sensitising, whitening, gum- care, tartar- control etc.- our dental team will recommend the toothpaste you need depending on your current oral health and greatest concern at the time. Finally, some degree of personal preference comes into play. Choose the toothpaste that tastes and feels best- gel or paste, spearmint all work alike. If you find that certain ingredients are irritating to your teeth, gums, cheeks or lips- try changing your toothpaste. If the problem continues, schedule an appointment with our dental team at the earliest.

8. WHICH IS BETTER- MANUAL OR ELECTRIC TOOTHBRUSHES?

-  Research shows that both manual and powered/electric brushes are equally effective when used correctly. Electric brushes are ideal for people who are short on time, elderly people with dexterity issues, in case of arthritis and even for children, especially if they have braces. They offer the added advantage of pressure indicating lights which will let you know if you are brushing too hard and possibly damaging your gums and teeth. Theoretically, the brushing technique is more important and you can do very good brushing with regular hand brush, but the movements of a powered brush makes the task easier and more effective. Our dental team will recommend the toothbrush you should use depending on your oral needs. 

microscope root canal treatment 

Root canal is a ‘life saving’ procedure for severely decayed or damaged teeth. It is one of the most common dental procedures we perform in our clinic and this process can save your natural tooth and prevent the need for dental implants or bridges. As root canal specialists (endodontists) Dr. Vishwas and Dr. Shivani always use the latest techniques and materials including performing the procedure under a microscope (Carl Zeiss OPMI pico) to ensure a smooth root canal therapy which many people report is no more uncomfortable than getting a dental filling. 

1. What is root canal treatment?

- Endodontic/ root canal therapy (RCT) is a procedure that is performed by a root canal specialist (endodontist) in cases where the nerve of the tooth is affected and the only way to save the tooth is by removing the affected nerve and replacing it with a filling.  Your tooth is made up of three primary layers- the outer hard white enamel, the middle yellow dentine and the innermost nerve called the pulp. The pulp is essentially a collection of blood vessels that help to build the surrounding tooth. Infection to the pulp can be caused by deep decay, trauma, cracks/tooth fracture, old amalgam fillings and even repeated dental procedures. This can result in visible injury or swelling of the tooth, pain, sensitivity to water or temperature, gum pain, food lodgement and sometimes even no symptoms at all. In some situations you may have transient symptoms which when ignored results in progression of the infection which finally results in such severe damage to the tooth that RCT will be your only option to save the tooth. 

Once a diagnosis has been made and a root canal treatment is advised- our root canal specialist (endodontist) will first completely numb the tooth to be treated. The decay is removed using specialized tools and the tooth is completely cleaned using a combination of aseptic techniques and irrigating solutions under rubber dam (for isolation). The tooth is then filled with a biocompatible material and is then ready to receive a crown. The entire process is performed under a microscope since microscope root canal treatment has been proven to be more precise, effective and free of any operator errors. A root canal treated tooth should always be three dimensionally sealed and protected with a crown (cap) so as to prevent reinfection and so that you can resume normal eating on the tooth.

2. Should I save my tooth?

- Root canal therapy is an attempt to save a damaged tooth which would otherwise be extracted.  If a tooth is removed, the replacement which would be an implant or bridge has a success and failure rate, with their own set of challenges.  Also placing an implant or bridge will require significantly more time and may require additional procedures to neighboring teeth and supporting tissues. No replacement, no matter how well fabricated, is as good as your natural tooth. Should a reasonable success rate be expected with the microscope root canal, it is always best to try and save your tooth. The alternatives will still be available if the tooth does not respond to the root canal but not the other way around. It is always better to save the tooth with RCT since modern endodontic techniques have made the procedure virtually painless and comfortable. Visit Summit Dental Clinic to learn more about microscope root canal procedure.

3. Will root canal treatment hurt?

- No. Root canal treatment does not cause pain, it relieves it. People are often worried about the prospects of pain during root canal therapy and the key to a painless procedure is definitive local anesthesia. Dr. Vishwas and Dr. Shivani always use a combination of numbing gel and local anesthetic agent to completely numb the area with the latest techniques and the anesthesia will be confirmed before beginning the procedure. They strongly believe that that painless root canal treatment / endodontic therapy is possible with today’s technology and with the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the oral neurorovasculature.

4. How long will the procedure take?

- Although each tooth is unique and the time required to complete the treatment is dependent on the level of decay in the tooth, you should plan on spending about an hour and a half at our office during your root canal treatment appointment. Most microscope root canal procedures are completed in one sitting, unless there is severe infection, procedural difficulties or in cases of re-root canal treatments. At Summit Dental, we understand that your time is valuable and we will do our best to render treatment as expeditiously as possible without compromising on the quality of your care. We also try our best to minimize your waiting time at our clinic and we appreciate your understanding and patience when we try to do everything we can to accommodate you and your needs.

5. As a patient, what should I expect from Summit Dental Clinic?

- You should expect to be treated with courtesy and respect. You should feel comfortable all the time with our dental team and ability to handle your care professionally while being personable and attentive. You have the right to a painless procedure and personal attention by Dr. Shivani and Dr. Vishwas as well as their staff. Depending on the kind of infection inside the tooth, there be be anywhere from mild to moderate discomfort after the microscope root canal procedure or in-between visits. This is due to the healing process at the end of the root. We give you precise post-operative instructions to minimize this discomfort.

6. What happens after a microscope root canal procedure?

- When your root canal therapy has been completed, you will experience some discomfort for 2-3 days following the procedure- this is normal and is just the healing process of the tooth. This discomfort can be minimized with painkillers which will give you immediate relief. You can drive back and resume work following your procedure. The next step will be shaping the tooth and taking an impression or scan to receive a crown. Our dental team will explain the different crowns available, the benefits and disadvantages of each material and the price range for each type of crown. Failure to properly restore and protect the tooth with a crown or filling may result in re-infection or fracture of the treated tooth. Once a crown has been cemented or bonded, you can resume normal chewing, brushing and flossing on the root canal treated tooth. It is rare for people to experience complications after routine endodontic treatment but can occur if you do not follow our precise instructions. To prevent further decay, continue to practice good dental hygiene. 

7. I am worried about X-rays. Should I be?

- No. While x-rays are necessary during your microscope root canal treatment. We use advanced digital radiographic systems which minimizes the radiation levels up to 80-90% lower than that of conventional dental X-ray machinery (approximately 9 digital radiographs equals 1 film radiograph!). These digital images can be e-mailed to you so that you can keep a record of the treatment done as well as a reference to compare the healing of the tooth and bone. We are extremely particular about patient and doctor safety in our dental clinic and provide you with a lead apron as well as thyroid collar while taking the X-rays. Please inform our dental staff at the time of the consultation if you are pregnant.

8. What new technologies are being used?

- Dr. Vishwas and Dr. Shivani are highly trained and skilled in using the latest technology to deliver the best standard of care. They are constantly updating themselves with the latest from the field of endodontics and cosmetic dentistry so that they can incorporate it at Summit Dental to make your treatment as comfortable and transparent as possible. 

• Operating microscope- In addition to digital radiographs which reduce the x-ray exposure, we also utilize operating microscopes (Carl Zeiss OPMI pico) which magnifies our field of view up to 30 times and illuminates our field with Xenon fiber optic illumination. This combination allows for exceptional diagnostic technical ability to treat the tiny root canal spaces inside your tooth. Such microsurgical techniques have revolutionized endodontic care within the last ten years and allows for a far superior quality of care today than ever before. Today, problems such as cracks, root fractures and calcified canals can be better visualized and therefore treated. Also a video camera on the operating microscope can record images of your tooth to further document our findings. It is our belief that RCT should only be performed under these microscopes for the highest quality of care to be rendered.

• Apex locators- these machines allow for the electronic and accurate measurement of the root length to precisely verify the radiographic findings. They improve the quality of care and allow for more precision based endodontics.

• Sonic activation- electronic instruments are now available which create sonic vibrations, which clean the root canals more effectively and efficiently. These instruments increase the quality of care and allow for success in situations that were previously hopeless.

• Nickle Titanium instrumentation- Today, the cleaning and shaping of root canals is no longer a brute procedure done with hand files. The job is now down with mechanized, engine driven rotary files that have made the procedure more efficient, predictable, quieter and far more comfortable than ever before.

gum therapy / deep cleaning

If your gums bleed when you brush or floss or sometimes even when you eat, this is the early stage of gum inflammation called ‘gingivitis’. At this stage, having your dentist perform a routine cleaning and polishing will help prevent further gum infection. However, if you neglect your gums at this point, the infection spreads downwards and can cause breakdown of the supporting bone which eventually leads to increased mobility of the teeth. This is the stage at which there may be permanent and irreversible damage not only to the underlying bone and gum but can also lead to the loss of an otherwise healthy tooth. The key to treat the progression of this ‘silent disease’ at this point is a deeper cleaning (periodontal therapy).

1. What is periodontal therapy/ scaling and root planing?

- Simply put it is a deep oral cleaning procedure for people who are suffering from gum inflammation due to plaque buildup and gum disease. It involves a combination of an ultrasonic device that uses sonic vibrations to loosen plaque, bacteria and calculus, and a manual instrument to scrape bacterial buildup. This procedure cleans the root of the tooth underneath the gum line to reverse the damage caused by chronic tartar buildup. At Summit Dental, we also offer laser therapy for the treatment of advanced stages of gum infection which offers several advantages over traditional technique of manual instruments.

2. What is laser gum therapy?

- This technique involves deep cleaning using a specialised soft tissue laser which gently removes diseased tissue and stimulates healing. Laser therapy has several benefits including reduced or no bleeding during the procedure, minimal swelling and no drill noise or vibration. The post-operative sensitivity is greatly limited and the recovery time is much quicker. The laser’s high energy light beam acts as a steriliser thereby reducing the risk of bacterial infection. Hence the stress and anxiety often associated with dental work is eliminated due to this quick, effective and essentially pain-free laser procedure. 

3. Is gum therapy painful?

- A deep cleaning is a more thorough version of routine dental cleaning. Everyones comfort level and sensitivity is different. Our gum specialist (periodontist) is highly trained in this procedure which is always performed with a numbing gel and local anesthesia. 

4. How long does a deep cleaning take?

- The gum specialist (periodontist) will first perform a comprehensive dental exam to determine the extent of inflammation and plaque buildup. Typically this procedure can take between one or two visits deepening on the current gum infection.

5. Why do gums bleed?

- There are many reasons which can cause irritated and bleeding gums. Certain medical conditions and medications, tobacco use, lifestyle and dietary habits, hormonal conditions and pregnancy. A thorough medical history as well as a detailed clinical examination is required to ascertain the reason for bleeding gums so that treatment can be provided in a timely manner to restore gum health.

dental crowns & bridges

A dental crown (cap) is a restoration that is placed on a tooth that has lost a lot of tooth structure due to infection or trauma. It is recommended for a wide array of reasons including: following root canal treatment to reinforce and strengthen the remaining tooth structure, in case of wide and extensive cavities, discoloured teeth, crooked or mis-shapen teeth as well as in dental implants. A bridge is a dental appliance which is used to replace one or more missing teeth., i.e, they can ‘bridge the gap’ between existing teeth to replace missing teeth. They are designed to restore proper bite and to be cosmetically appealing. Both crowns and bridges are customisable to match the colour, height, texture and overall appearance of the neighbouring natural teeth. 

1. What are the types of crowns and bridges available?

- Permanent crowns and bridges can be made of all- ceramic/ all-porcelain, metal- ceramic and even all- metal. In Summit Dental, we always recommend all-ceramic crowns since they not only provide the best natural colour match for both the front and back teeth, but are also known to be extremely strong and durable. Metal- ceramic (porcelain fused to metal) crowns are also aesthetic, but sometimes, the underlying dark metal can show through especially at the gum line and in cases of gum recession, can be extremely unattractive. Metal crowns are rarely used nowadays due to their unaesthetic metallic colour and also since it offers no advantages over all-ceramic crowns in terms of strength and longevity.

2.  How long does it take to fabricate crowns and bridges?

- Preparing your tooth for a crown or bridge usually requires 2 visits-

• first visit- After a diagnosis and plan has been made to place a crown, our crown and bridge specialist (prosthodontist) will numb the teeth if required. Next, the tooth is shaped to make space for the crown. High quality impression materials are then used to record the fine details of the tooth preparation and then these records (along with the selected natural shade) are sent to the lab for fabrication. We will then place a temporary crown so that you will be comfortable during visits.

• second visit- This visit is usually 3-4 days following your first appointment. The crown and bridge specialist (prosthodontist) will remove the temporary crown and check the fit, contour and colour of the permanent crown. If it is acceptable and you are happy with the prosthesis, the new crown/ bridge is then bonded or cemented in place.

At Summit Dental Clinic, we now offer the option of fabricating and receiving crowns and bridges within a day. Using the latest technology - 3S Trois CAD/CAM system, we can digitally record details of the tooth preparation eliminating the step of manually taking impressions.  Call us at 99869 47722 / 080 2334 0207 to learn more. 

3. Will having a crown or bridge feel different?

- Anything which is new will feel unfamiliar and different. However, within a few days this will become less noticeable and as your bite gets adjusted, this feeling will go away completely. Our crown and bridge specialist (prosthodontist) can help you if your bite (occlusion) does not feel right.

4. What are the alternatives to bridges?

- A custom dental bridge will restore aesthetics and function with lasting results. However, a dental implant may be recommended by our specialists in case of missing teeth. These implants offer the biggest advantage of not having to touch/ prepare the neighbouring healthy teeth in order to replace the missing tooth/teeth. They also allow for normal diet, speech and oral health practice. Dental implants are stable fixed restorations which requires less maintenance as compared to bridges. 

5. How long do crowns and bridges last?

- On average, crowns last between 5-15 years depending on the amount of ‘wear and tear’ that they are exposed to. Like any fabricated prosthesis, their durability depends on how well you take care of your oral cavity and personal habits (grinding or teeth clenching, diet etc). You can prolong the life of a crown by practicing good oral hygiene and visiting us for regular check-ups and cleaning. 

braces and invisalign

Few people are lucky enough to be born with perfectly aligned teeth. But for the rest of us we have a chance to achieve that through Braces or Invisalign. Crooked teeth can be a real problem, no matter how old you are. The biggest blow is to self-esteem because mal-aligned and unusually placed teeth are considered unattractive. Orthodontic treatment helps in the correcting teeth crowding, correcting your bite so that the upper and lower teeth meet evenly and also it improves your entire appearance. Braces and Invisalign are both very popular treatment options to achieve straighter teeth and a healthier mouth. Invisalign is the invisible way to straighten your teeth without braces. It uses a series of clear, removable aligners to gradually straighten teeth without metal or wires hence providing a discreet and convenient option for teens and adults with mild to moderate orthodontic concerns. An easy way to describe them is that “Invisalign are like contact lenses for teeth”. 

1. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF BRACES?

- The traditional type of braces are the metallic ones where the wire is shaped into the ideal position and then threaded between metallic brackets which are cemented to the front of the teeth. Over time, the wire will return to the original, ideal position, moving the teeth along with it to achieve the desired result. The newer types of braces that are being preferred by teenagers and adults alike are the ceramic braces/ tooth coloured which reduce the unsightly appearance of metallic brackets since the ceramic closely matches the color of the teeth. They are just as strong as metallic braces and don’t stain. These brackets are complimented by white metal or clear plastic ties to further create the impression of clear or less visible braces.  It is also possible to completely hide the braces by fitting the brackets on the inside surfaces of teeth and these are called lingual braces. Apart from the obvious appeal that these braces are not seen, they also do not rub against the lips. However they can cause considerable discomfort to the tongue and make speech and cleaning difficult. 

2. WHY IS STRAIGHTENING MY TEETH IMPORTANT?

- Mal-aligned teeth are not only unsightly but also make cleaning your teeth and gums difficult. This can result in tooth and gum infection. Braces and Invisalign can prevent-

• tooth decay

• gum disease

• tooth loss

• speech difficulties

• difficulty in chewing and eating

• abnormal enamel wear

• jaw problems

3. HOW LONG DO I HAVE TO WEAR BRACES?

- On average most people wear braces for 1-3 years depending on growth and severity of mal-alignment . It also is affected by your cooperation including maintaining good oral hygiene, the right diet and regular follow-up appointments. 

4. CAN ADULTS WEAR BRACES?

- It is natural for teeth to shift position as we age, when we lose or wear down our teeth, or if gum problems develop. Sometimes that means people who have had orthodontic treatment as a child and haven’t worn their retainers as instructed may require further orthodontic treatment as an adult. Braces and Invisalign are extremely effective for adults with alignment issues. In fact, 20% of people with braces are over the ages of 18. 

At Summit Dental, we have seen hesitation among adults to seek orthodontic care because the thought of visible braces is unappealing. People are concerned that braces might have an unwanted impact, for example, by making them self-conscious at work or impacts their social life. Thanks to modern technology, there are a wide array of discreet options available. Call us at 9986947722/ 08023340207 or email us at summitdentalclinic@gmail.com for an appointment with our braces specialist (orthodontist).

5. WHAT SHOULD I EXPECT WHEN GETTING BRACES?

- The braces specialist (orthodontist) will first asses your bite, alignment and obtain photos and X-rays to determine which treatment option is the best for you. Once the course of action is discusses, the orthodontist will take an impression of your teeth so that a custom orthodontic appliance can be made. At the next appointment, the appliance will be fitted and you will be provided with proper care instructions. Initially you may experience some minor pain, discomfort and speech difficulty. However this will subside and disappear after two weeks. You will then need to come for regular follow-up appointments till the desired result is achieved.

6. HOW DOES INVISALIGN WORK?

- Invisalign uses clear removable aligners to straighten your teeth without wires and brackets. The specialist at Summit Dental fabricates the aligners through a combination of technical knowledge and 3-D computer imaging technology. These aligners are clear so that no one can tell that you are straightening your teeth. You should wear each set of aligners for about two weeks and 22 hours per day, removing them only to eat, drink, brush and floss. You can brush and floss your teeth like normal and there are no dietary restrictions not to mention there is reduced risk of tooth decay and staining.  As we replace each aligner with the next in series, your teeth will move-little by little, week by week- until they have straightened into the final desired position. You will have to visit out specialist every 6 weeks to ensure that the treatment is progressing as planned. The total treatment time averages between 9-15 months , but this varies from case to case.

For more information visit- https://www.invisalign.com/how-invisalign-works or contact us at 99869 47722 / 080 2334 0207/ summitdentalclinic@gmail.com

teeth whitening

Teeth stains are inevitable since we consume a wide variety of food and drink (coffee, tea, wine, food with strong colouring), due to certain medications and even genetics. Such stained teeth have an unhealthy look and directly affects our self confidence. The solution to this is teeth whitening which can instantly brighten your smile without damaging the underlying tooth. Teeth bleaching is often the easiest way to...

tooth removal

Removal of a tooth is advised when there are no options left to save the tooth and extraction is required to maintain optimal oral health. Our Oral Surgeon will advise the removal of a tooth if it is extremely decayed or traumatised  where root canal is not an option or when a wisdom tooth is causing pain, wisdom tooth causing decay in the neighbouring tooth and in certain orthodontic situations to correctly align the teeth. 

1. What is tooth extraction/ tooth removal and will it hurt?

- Tooth extraction is a quick and relatively simple process which involves removal of a troubling tooth under anaesthesia. The oral surgeon will first numb the tooth with a numbing gel and local anaesthesia followed by the use of special tools to gently pull the tooth out using back and forth rocking movements.  At this point, you may feel a little pressure but there is typically little or no pain during the procedure. Once the tooth is removed, the site is cleaned and closed up using stitches (sutures). The Oral Surgeon will then proceed to give you detailed post-operative instructions to ensure smooth healing.

2. Why should I get my wisdom tooth removed?

- Wisdom teeth are the last teeth to erupt in the mouth (18-25 years) and most often do not erupt fully due to limited space. Hence the tooth may change its position, angulation or even not erupt fully. Extraction of the wisdom tooth is advised to correct an existing problem (pain, food lodgement, gum swelling, causing decay in the next tooth) or to prevent problems that may arise because of it in the future.

3. What is the recovery time following tooth extraction?

- The total recovery time following tooth extraction will depend on the tooth being removed and your overall health. You can return to work following extraction but will definitely want to take the day off so that you can relax and heal. You should avoid exercising and heavy lifting for 1-3 days following your procedure since this exertion can disturb the clot formation and slow the healing time. Following a wisdom tooth removal you may have slight swelling which can make you look different and cause difficultly in speaking for a few days. We will give you specific after-care instructions and medications which you should follow for the best possible recovery outcomes. 

4. Will removing my tooth affect my eyes?

- No! This is the most common misconception people have regarding tooth extraction. The nerves that supply the teeth and eyes are not inter-connected and hence dental work cannot affect your eyesight. 

teeth whitening

Teeth stains are inevitable since we consume a wide variety of food and drink (coffee, tea, wine, food with strong colouring), due to certain medications and even genetics. Such stained teeth have an unhealthy look and directly affects our self confidence. The solution to this is teeth whitening which can instantly brighten your smile without damaging the underlying tooth. Teeth bleaching is often the easiest way to transform your smile and appearance. This can be done in less than an hour- in time for a special event or just as part of your regular oral health routine.

1. What is teeth bleaching?

- Bleaching can be done in our clinic or even at-home. In-office whitening is the most effective with visibly brighter teeth within a day. Before starting your aesthetic specialist will first use a custom shade guide and record the current shade of your teeth. This is followed by teeth cleaning and polishing to remove plaque and superficial stains. Your gums and soft tissue are then protected and the bleaching agent is applied on your teeth. The whitening agent is activated using a laser light or curing light which causes the whitening by a bubbling action. The entire procedure may last 30-60 minutes with occasional re-application to achieve the desired shade. Some people may require additional visits till they are happy with the final shade of the teeth. 

We also offer at-home whitening treatment for people to maintain their bleached shade. This method is relatively inexpensive compared to the in-office procedure but the results are not as quick and maybe take a week or more of continuous usage to achieve the desired result. For at-home whitening we first will take an impression of your upper and lower teeth and make customised bleaching trays. You will be provided with the trays and bleaching gel along with step- by- step guidelines on how to use them.

2. How long do teeth remain white?

- The bleaching effect varies among individuals (lifestyle and dietary habits). No whitening technique is permanent and results may vary from six months to two years. Regular touch-ups maybe required to maintain the brightness. 

3. Does tooth bleaching cause permanent tooth sensitivity?

- Sensitivity following a whitening procedure is always transient and usually disappears within one or two days. Our dental team will give you detailed post- care instructions to ensure that you are as comfortable as possible including prescribing medications if needed.

4. Is teeth bleaching safe?

- Yes! Many long term studies have proved that tooth whitening is safe and there is no permanent damage caused to the enamel or any other part of the underlying tooth. Our aesthetic specialist will explain the procedure and consequences in detail before you get your teeth bleached. 

5. Does tooth whitening work on all teeth?

- Sadly all teeth and all types of stains cannot be treated by bleaching. In case the discolouration is caused by certain medications or tooth injury, bleaching will not give you the desired results. Pre-existing fillings, veneers and crowns also cannot be bleached since whitening only works on natural tooth surfaces. The good news is that you have other treatment options available in such cases- veneers, cosmetic bonding/ fillings and crowns. Our aesthetic specialist will perform a thorough clinical examination and will be able to recommend the best method to achieve a whiter and brighter smile.

porcelain laminates and veneers

Veneers are thin shells of porcelain that can be bonded to the surface of the teeth and dramatically improves and transforms your smile. They are extremely popular due to their simplicity and versatility as they can be used to change the shade and shape of the teeth and also to reduce the gap between teeth. Veneers enhance your smile by replacing and restoring lost tooth structure; not to mention they can make your teeth as bright as you want and they achieve all this by being the most conservative treatment option available. 

1. Will they look like normal teeth?

- When bonded to the teeth, these ultra-thin porcelain veneers are virtually undetectable and highly resistant to coffee, tea and lifestyle stains. Once placed they reflect natural light and provide many years of wear and stain resistance. In terms of strength and appearance, their resemblance to healthy white tooth enamel is unsurpassed by any other restorative options.

2. How long will porcelain veneers last?

- With proper care, porcelain veneers will brighten your smile for well over a decade. These veneers are crafted with the highest quality porcelains and are bonded with the most advanced materials available resulting in a beautiful smile for many years to come.

3. Will you grind my teeth before placing porcelain veneers?

- Porcelain veneers require good healthy enamel for bonding hence only the superficial 0.5mm of tooth structure needs to be removed to make space for the veneer. Minimal preparation/ roughening of the tooth surface is required- with a maximum reduction of 0.7mm being necessary. Some areas may not be ground at all, depending on tooth position. Thanks to newer type of ceramics available, this grinding is very small and we can maintain most of the natural tooth structure.  

4. Should I do porcelain veneers or Invisalign?

- Both these techniques have their own benefits and the answer lies in what you want your final result and smile to look like. Our aesthetic specialist and orthodontist (braces specialist) will conduct a thorough oral examination and will then be able to advice you on the right treatment. Some things to consider are:

• porcelain veneers can be done within a week while Invisalign can take upto 6 months. So if time is an issue- then porcelain veneers is your choice.

• Invisalign does not change the colour and shape of your teeth, just the position and alignment. If you are interested in changing the shade and contour- then porcelain veneers are your choice.

• If do not want even minimal grinding of your teeth then Invisalign is your choice.

Visit us at Summit Dental where our dental team will be able to evaluate your dental health and aesthetic concerns and recommend the right treatment for you. 

dentures- full and partial replacement

Though many advances have been made in dentistry, loss of teeth is still an ongoing problem. In India, 26% of adults between the ages of 60-75 years have lost all their teeth. Full and partial dentures are removable options for people who have lost several consecutive teeth or even all the teeth in the upper or lower jaw. Using latest materials and techniques, we can replace your missing teeth with a cosmetic denture that can restore your beautiful smile. 

1. What to expect?

- The process of restoring missing teeth first begins with a thorough clinical examination and discussion with our denture specialist (prosthodontist) to determine your functional and cosmetic goals. Following the treatment plan discussion, dental impressions are taken and the multi-step process in fabricating the removable denture begins. 

2. What types of dentures are there?

- Dentures can replace all or some missing teeth while providing support to the cheeks and lips. The dentures that replace all the teeth are known as complete dentures. Dentures that replace some but not all teeth are known as partial dentures. The stability and retention of both these dentures can be improved with the use of dental implants. An immediate denture is fabricated and inserted immediately after the teeth and extracted and the tissues are allowed to heal under the denture.

3. What is the fixed option to replace all missing teeth?

- No one wants to deal with the hassle of removable prosthesis and therefore, dental implants have revolutionized tooth replacement. Implant secured dentures are typically placed using a process called ‘All On Four”. This involves the planned and strategic placement of smaller dental implants that can be completed within a day and will hold a hybrid denture securely in place for a stable and permanent smile.

4. I have lost multiple teeth and do not want to grind my remaining healthy teeth. What are my options for a fixed replacement? 

- A thorough clinical examination is required to determine your treatment options. Multiple missing teeth can be replaced with dental implants for a lasting result that will also support and improve your long term oral health.  An implant supported bridge offers a secure result and functions like your natural teeth. It can last a lifetime with proper dental care.  Benefits include-

• the neighbouring healthy teeth will not be touched/ grinded

• is a fixed stable option which allows normal chewing and speech

• stabilizes bone and reduces jaw shrinkage

In case you require a denture- dental implants can also be placed under dentures to support and fix them. There is no need for daily maintenance and the denture will not become loose over time since the implant stabilises the jaw bone, thus reducing changes in the fit and bite of your dental prosthesis. 

5. I have had dentures for a while and now they have dark stains on them. Can I ‘whiten’ my dentures?

- It is not advisable to ‘whiten’ your dentures like you would natural teeth since they are made up of porcelain and acrylic and will not ‘whiten’ the same way. In order to minimize staining, be sure to properly clean your dentures everyday to remove food deposits and plaque. Brushing will help prevent dentures from becoming permanently stained and will keep your mouth healthy. Use only a soft to medium bristle brush since a hard-bristle brush can damage your denture by scratching the acrylic and making the teeth dull. Also, the denture may be soaked in a denture- cleansing solution (except if the denture has a soft-lining layer). Visit us at Summit Dental and our denture specialist will give you step-by-step instructions on how to clean your denture. 

6. I just got new dentures two weeks back but my mouth feels sore and my dentures are uncomfortable. Is this going to improve?

-  Anything which is new is going to feel unfamiliar and uncomfortable for a while till you get used to it. When you are first fitted for new dentures, it is normal to experience minor irritation which will slowly fade away as your mouth becomes accustomed to them. This period of soreness varies among individuals- if you have previously worn dentures and now have a new set then this may take longer. Similarly, if you had some teeth removed and dentures immediately placed, the extraction areas maybe be painful for a few weeks. When you first get your dentures, you should focus on eating soft foods which do not require much chewing. As you become adjusted to your denture and learn how to adjust your tongue to help hold the denture in place, add some other foods and then finally you can go back to your regular food and normal diet. Also chew on both sides of your mouth using the back teeth only.  Regular visits to our denture specialist (prosthodontist) is required to adjust the dentures as you go through the normal healing process.

dental implants

Missing teeth can be embarrassing causing people to hide their smile and lose their self-esteem. The space created by missing teeth can cause the other teeth to shift and move out of place which makes it difficult to eat and speak. During the last 20 years, dental implants have become the best option for both dentists and patients alike to replace missing teeth. Since implants are natural looking and cosmetically appealing, not to mention fixed, they are used to replace single missing tooth and even for full mouth replacement. Hence, dental implants are the ideal choice for improving function and cosmetic appearance following the loss of tooth or multiple teeth.

1. What are dental implants?

- Dental implants mimic the natural tooth in that they substitute the tooth root over which a ceramic crown is placed which mimics the natural tooth crown. Implants are titanium posts that are designed to look exactly like the natural tooth and provides a foundation for the replacement of teeth that look, feel and function like natural teeth. The post is surgically placed into the jaw bone where it bonds with the bone and is then used to anchor the prosthetic teeth in place. Implants can be used to replace one missing tooth, multiple teeth or even an entire quadrant of missing teeth. 

2. How are dental implants placed?

- Dental implants are metal anchors which support artificial teeth. For most people, the placement of dental implants involves two surgical procedures. First, the implant is placed into the jaw bone and allowed to bond and osseointrgrate with the bone for the next three to six months. During this phase, you should be able to wear temporary denture and eat a soft diet. The second phase begins following the implant bonding wherein the surgeon will uncover the implant and attach a healing collar. Our crown specialist will simultaneously start making your new teeth. An impression must be taken- posts or attachments can be connected to the implants. The replacement teeth are then fabricated over these posts or attachments. The entire process usually takes six to eight months and most people do not experience any disruption in their daily life.

3. Does it hurt?

- The short answer is no. You will be completely numb during the process and will only feel mild pressure. As for the procedure, dental implants cause very little soreness. If you are nervous about your procedure, let us know and our dental team will offer options to help calm your nerves including oral medication.

4. How long does it take?

- The entire procedure from start to finish depends on many variable including your medical and systemic health. The guidelines for bone integration is three months for bottom teeth and six months for the top teeth. Bone density, blood supply, location and need for bone grafting are all factors which determine the length of treatment. Call us at 08023340207 / 9986947722 or email us at summitdentalclinic@gmail.com for more information.

5. Why should I choose dental implants?

- In case of missing teeth (single or multiple), implants offer numerous advantages over fixed bridges and removable dentures-

• better aesthetics- implants are placed in the gum similar to the way a natural tooth is supported and offer a more realistic and natural look

• reduction in bone loss- when a tooth is lost, the supporting bone gradually recedes. Placing an implant in that empty space significantly reduces the rate of bone loss and even provides stability

• fixed option- people who have experienced removal full or partial dentures know that keeping dentures in place is always a challenge. Dental implants offer a great improvement in retention.

• preserving natural tooth structure- dental implants are independent units and does not negatively affect the neighbouring teeth.

6. How do I know if I am qualified to get a dental implant?

- Our implant specialist will conduct a thorough clinical examination and take a detailed medical history to ascertain if a dental implant is the right choice for you. Typically 3-D x-rays are required to plan the treatment. Most people are eligible for some type of dental implant procedure. Some may require additional procedures prior to the implant placement including bone graft and tissue regeneration when there is no substantial bone to support the dental implant. 

7. I need to get two missing NEIGHBORING teeth replaced. Can I have just one implant and attach it to one of my natural teeth and make a bridge?

- Many studies have proved that it is generally not a good idea to attach implants to teeth. The load-bearing capacity of implants and natural teeth are different which can result in unequal stress distribution. We can attach implants to each other which can improve strength and works well. So in a case like this, although it may be more expensive to have two implants instead of one, the long term success is much better.

braces and invisalign

Few people are lucky enough to be born with perfectly aligned teeth. But for the rest of us we have a chance to achieve that through Braces or Invisalign. Crooked teeth can be a real problem, no matter how old you are. The biggest blow is to self-esteem because mal-aligned and unusually placed teeth are considered unattractive. Orthodontic treatment helps in the correcting teeth crowding, correcting your bite so that the upper and lower teeth meet evenly and also it improves your entire appearance. Braces and Invisalign are both very popular treatment options to achieve straighter teeth and a healthier mouth.

Invisalign is the invisible way to straighten your teeth without braces. It uses a series of clear, removable aligners to gradually straighten teeth without metal or wires hence providing a discreet and convenient option for teens and adults with mild to moderate orthodontic concerns. An easy way to describe them is that “Invisalign are like contact lenses for teeth”. 

1. What are the different types of braces?

- The traditional type of braces are the metallic ones where the wire is shaped into the ideal position and then threaded between metallic brackets which are cemented to the front of the teeth. Over time, the wire will return to the original, ideal position, moving the teeth along with it to achieve the desired result. The newer types of braces that are being preferred by teenagers and adults alike are the ceramic braces which reduce the unsightly appearance of metallic brackets since the ceramic closely matches the color of the teeth. They are just as strong as metallic braces and don’t stain. These brackets are complimented by white metal or clear plastic ties to further create the impression of clear or less visible braces.  It is also possible to completely hide the braces by fitting the brackets on the inside surfaces of teeth and these are called lingual braces. Apart from the obvious appeal that these braces are not seen, they also do not rub against the lips. However they can cause considerable discomfort to the tongue and make speech and cleaning difficult. 

2. Why is straightening my teeth important?

- Mal-aligned teeth are not only unsightly but also make cleaning your teeth and gums difficult. This can result in tooth and gum infection. Braces and Invisalign can prevent-

• tooth decay

• gum disease

• tooth loss

• speech difficulties

• difficulty in chewing and eating

• abnormal enamel wear

• jaw problems

3. How long do I have to wear braces?

- On average most people wear braces for 1-3 years depending on growth and severity of mal-alignment . It also is affected by your cooperation including maintaining good oral hygiene, the right diet and regular follow-up appointments. 

4. Can adults wear braces?

- It is natural for teeth to shift position as we age, when we lose or wear down our teeth, or if gum problems develop. Sometimes that means people who have had orthodontic treatment as a child and haven’t worn their retainers as instructed may require further orthodontic treatment as an adult. Braces and Invisalign are extremely effective for adults with alignment issues. In fact, 20% of people with braces are over the ages of 18. 

At Summit Dental, we have seen hesitation among adults to seek orthodontic care because the thought of visible braces is unappealing. People are concerned that braces might have an unwanted impact, for example, by making them self-conscious at work or impacts their social life. Thanks to modern technology, there are a wide array of discreet options available. Call us at 9986947722/ 08023340207 or email us at summitdentalclinic@gmail.com for an appointment with our braces specialist (orthodontist).

5. What should I expect when getting braces?

- The braces specialist (orthodontist) will first asses your bite, alignment and obtain photos and X-rays to determine which treatment option is the best for you. Once the course of action is discusses, the orthodontist will take an impression of your teeth so that custom orthodontic appliance can be made. At the next appointment, the appliance will be fitted and you will be provided with proper care instructions. Initially you may experience some minor pain, discomfort and speech difficulty. However this will subside and disappear after two weeks. You will then need to come for regular follow-up appointments till the desired result is achieved.

6. How does Invisalign work?

- Invisalign uses clear removable aligners to straighten your teeth without wires and brackets. The specialist at Summit Dental fabricates the aligners through a combination of technical knowledge and 3-D computer imaging technology. These aligners are clear so that no one can tell that you are straightening your teeth. You should wear each set of aligners for about two weeks and 22 hours per day, removing them only to eat, drink, brush and floss. You can brush and floss your teeth like normal and there are no dietary restrictions not to mention there is reduced risk of tooth decay and staining.  As we replace each aligner with the next in series, your teeth will move-little by little, week by week- until they have straightened into the final desired position. You will have to visit out specialist every 6 weeks to ensure that the treatment is progressing as planned. The total treatment time averages between 9-15 months , but this varies from case to case.

For more information visit- https://www.invisalign.com/how-invisalign-works or contact us at 99869 47722 / 080 2334 0207/ summitdentalclinic@gmail.com

inlays and onlays

Inlays and Onlays are lab-made restorations that are placed on teeth when the amount of lost tooth structure is too large to be restored with a simple filling. These alternatives to dental restorations can be fabricated from porcelain or composite resin. The process of making inlays and onlays are similar to crowns but they are the more conservative options to full contour crowns. For more information contact us 99869 47722 / 080 2334 0207

1. How are inlays and onlays placed?

- Inlays and Onlays requires two appointments- during the first visit, the decayed portion of the tooth is removed and the tooth is prepared for the restoration. To ensure proper fit and bite, our restorative specialist will take an impression or it will be 3-D scanned and sent to the lab for fabrication. The prepared tooth will be covered with a temporary restoration. At the second appointment, the temporary is removed and the inlay/onlay will be bonded to the tooth with a strong resin cement. 

TMJ / Joint disorders

In our increasingly stressful world, headaches and joint pains are are on the rise. If you are experiencing regular headaches not responding to treatment, tenderness in your face, jaws, neck shoulder and back, pain while eating or difficulty in closing or opening your mouth; then you may require a thorough clinical evaluation and treatment for Temporormandibular joint disorder. 

1. What are the common signs and symptoms for TMJ disorders?

- Call us at 99869 47722 / 080 2334 0207 to meet our specialists if you are experiencing any of these symptoms-

• pain and/ or tenderness on the side of your face jaw, joint area, neck, shoulders and in/around your ears; especially when you chew, speak or open your mouth

• clicking/ popping/ grating sounds during mouth opening, closing or chewing. This may or may not be painful

• swelling on the side of your face

• jaws that get locked or stuck in the open or closed mouth position

• jaw clenching and teeth grinding

• problems when you open your mouth too wide

• trouble chewing or a sudden uncomfortable bite (upper and lower teeth not fitting together)

• unexplained broken fillings or crowns

• sensitive teeth

• teeth moving out of position

• worn out or chipped teeth

2. Why do these joint (TMJ) problems occur?

- TMJ disorders can occur due to a wide variety of reasons- a thorough clinical examination, digital x-rays and detailed history is required to diagnose the problem and its cause. It is usually related to teeth grinding and jaw clenching which occurs knowingly or unknowingly as a reaction to stress. Bite problems may also occur due to trauma, malocclusion or very commonly due to arthritis and other joint related tissue degeneration. 

3. How can you treat TMJ disorders?

- Following the diagnosis of joint disorder, our specialist will discuss your treatment options which will aim to recalibrate your occlusal system. Some treatment modalities include-

• night guard- this custom splint therapy prevents teeth grinding which is the leading cause for TMJ disorder symptoms

• Restorations- bite equilibration can be done using fillings, onlays and crowns especially when teeth are worn out, damaged or not making proper contact

• Orthodontic treatment- this is used to relieve jaw tension and resolve biting problems by properly aligning your teeth